International business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 8

International business - Essay Example In this context, the country that consists of one developed city is the new trend in global business and politics. Thus, it is interesting and important to investigate the way Singapore manages to be so prosperous. For this aim, the presented essay overviews Singapore’s open cross-border transaction conditions and explains in detail both the effect of multinational corporations and domestic government on the development of this economy. In the essence of Singapore global business strategy, dependence on trade relations creates the core of its national economy. It is common to deal with this global city as the country that has a strong tradition of protected by government imports in combination with free market economy (Lin and Ewing-Chow, 2014, p. 6). In its essence, Singaporean economy concentrates on â€Å"port, oil processing, multinational corporation manufacturing, some science-based high-tech, a service sector and a growing financial sector† (Preston, 2007, p. 15). In general, Singapore has one of the highest trade to GDP ratio in the world and relies heavily on importing goods like food, energy, and industrial raw materials (Selvam, 2003, p. 69). According to the recent statistics, Singapore is in top-15 of largest merchandise exporter in the world and has a trade to GDP ratio of 404.9 (â€Å"Starting a Trading Company,† 2015). Thus, global business scenario depends on the ability of this count ry to involve foreign investments effectively. In this context, it is evident that Singapore imports all the basic goods. As for the resource base of Singapore, it is similar to Japan in the inability to rely on natural resources. As Dunning (1997) noticed, since nineteenth century, when natural resources were the foundation of development, passed, the key to economic prosperity in the twenty-first century is in ability to create the new knowledge (p. 54). And

Metformin (Glucophage) Reactions

Metformin (Glucophage) Reactions Metformin (Glucophage) is available in the Pakistan since 1998. It falls in the same drug class as phenformin. Metformin is considered a first line agent and is significantly useful in people with known insulin resistance GLUCOPHAGE ® (metformin hydrochloride tablets) and GLUCOPHAGE ® XR (metformin hydrochloride extended-release tablets) are oral antihyperglycemic drugs used in the management of type 2 diabetes. Metformin hydrochloride (N,N-dimethylimidodicarbonimidic diamide hydrochloride) is not chemically or pharmacologically related to any other classes of oral antihyperglycemic agents. The structural formula is as shown: Glucophage (metformin hydrochloride tablets) Structural Formula Illustration Metformin hydrochloride is a white to off-white crystalline compound with a molecular formula of C4H11N5 †¢ HCl and a molecular weight of 165.63. Metformin improves hyperglycemia primarily through its suppression of hepatic glucose production, especially hepatic gluconeogenesis[1]. The average person with type 2 diabetes has three times the normal rate of gluconeogenesis; metformin treatment reduces this by over one third.[2] Metformin activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a liver enzyme that plays an important role in insulin signaling, whole body energy balance, and the metabolism of glucose and fats;[3] activation of AMPK is required for metformins inhibitory effect on the production of glucose by liver cells.[4] Research published in 2008 further elucidated metformins mechanism of action, showing that activation of AMPK is required for an increase in the expression of SHP (Small heterodimer partner), which in turn inhibits the expression of the hepatic gluconeogenic genes PEPCK and Glc-6-Pase.[5] Metformin is frequently used in research along with AICAR as an AMPK agonist. The mechanism by which biguanides increas e the activity of AMPK remains uncertain; however, research suggests that metformin increases the amount of cytosolic AMP (as opposed to a change in total AMP or total AMP/ATP).[6] In addition to suppressing hepatic glucose production, metformin increases insulin sensitivity, enhances peripheral glucose uptake, decreases fatty acid oxidation, and decreases absorption of glucose from the gastrointestinal tract.[8] Increased peripheral utilization of glucose may be due to improved insulin binding to insulin receptors.[9] AMPK probably also plays a role, as metformin administration increases AMPK activity in skeletal muscle.[10] AMPK is known to cause GLUT4 translocation, resulting in insulin-independent glucose uptake. Some metabolic actions of metformin do appear to occur by AMPK-independent mechanisms; a recent study found that the metabolic actions of metformin in the heart muscle can occur independent of changes in AMPK activity and may be mediated by p38 MAPK- and PKC-dependent mechanisms.[11] Metformin causes a few gastrointestinal side effects including nausea, metallic taste, diarrhea and abdominal discomfort[7] . These can be avoided if the dose is increased slowly, and taking the drug with meals. A small amount of weight loss, possibly due to drop in net caloric intake due to appetite repression and/or a reduction in hyperinsulinemia is suggested. Falling in the same drug class as phenformin, the reported incidence of lactic acidosis is surprisingly low, 0.03 per 1000. In a US double-blind clinical study of GLUCOPHAGE in patients with type 2 diabetes, a total of 141 patients received GLUCOPHAGE therapy (up to 2550 mg per day) and 145 patients received placebo. Most Common Adverse Reactions (>5.0 Percent) in a Placebo-Controlled Clinical Study of GLUCOPHAGE Monotherapy The occurrence can further be avoided if contraindications are followed. It is contraindicated in people with a high risk of lactic acidosis: renal serum creatinine levels over 150 ÃŽ ¼mol/l[14}or hepatic impairment, respiratory insufficiency, severe infection and alcohol abuse. Any pharmacological therapy that alters either of the factors mentioned before is also considered. It should also be used cautiously in elderly especially those above 80 years of age. It is recommended to monitor renal function upon initiation and at least once a year thereafter. It should be withheld immediately before a person has a procedure with a radiocontrast dye, as the dye increases the risk of renal failure and therefore lactic acidosis [15] [16]. It should also be discontinued before and surgery and can be started immediately after if the renal function is normal and the patient is stable. It is also recommended to monitor hematological parameters as it alters vitamin B12 absorption [12] [13] and therefore cause anemia (7% in clinical trials). The mechanism of action is unknown but can be reversed by discontinuation of the drug. Daily dosage should be 500 mg orally twice daily with meals. The dose can be increased every 2 weeks to 2000 mg daily. References Kirpichnikov D, McFarlane SI, Sowers JR (2002). Metformin: an update. Ann Intern Med 137 (1): 25-33. PMID 12093242. Hundal R, Krssak M, Dufour S, Laurent D, Lebon V, Chandramouli V, Inzucchi S, Schumann W, Petersen K, Landau B, Shulman G (2000). Mechanism by which metformin reduces glucose production in type 2 diabetes (PDF). Diabetes 49 (12): 2063-9. doi:10.2337/diabetes.49.12.2063. PMID 11118008. Towler MC, Hardie DG (2007). AMP-activated protein kinase in metabolic control and insulin signaling. Circ Res 100 (3): 328-41. doi:10.1161/01.RES.0000256090.42690.05. PMID 17307971. Zhou G, Myers R, Li Y, Chen Y, Shen X, Fenyk-Melody J, Wu M, Ventre J, Doebber T, Fujii N, Musi N, Hirshman M, Goodyear L, Moller D (2001). Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action. J Clin Invest 108 (8): 1167-74. doi:10.1172/JCI13505. PMID 11602624. Kim YD, Park KG, Lee YS, et al. (2008). Metformin inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis through AMP-activated protein kinase-dependent regulation of the orphan nuclear receptor SHP. Diabetes 57 (2): 306-14. doi:10.2337/db07-0381. PMID 17909097. Zhang L, He H, Balschi JA (2007). Metformin and phenformin activate AMP-activated protein kinase in the heart by increasing cytosolic AMP concentration. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293 (1): H457-66. doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00002.2007. PMID 17369473. Bolen S, Feldman L, Vassy J, et al (2007). Systematic review: comparative effectiveness and safety of oral medications for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Ann Intern Med 147 (6): 386-99. PMID 17638715. Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain and the British Medical Association. Chapter 6:Endocrine system—6.1.2.2 Biguanides, British National Formulary, 54. Bailey CJ, Turner RC (1996). Metformin. N Engl J Med 334 (9): 574-9. doi:10.1056/NEJM199602293340906. PMID 8569826. Musi N, Hirshman MF, Nygren J, et al. (2002). Metformin increases AMP-activated protein kinase activity in skeletal muscle of subjects with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 51 (7): 2074-81. PMID 12086935. Saeedi R, Parsons HL, Wambolt RB, et al. (2008). Metabolic actions of metformin in the heart can occur by AMPK-independent mechanisms. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 294 (6): H2497-506. doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00873.2007. PMID 18375721 Andrà ¨s E, Noel E, Goichot B (2002). Metformin-associated vitamin B12 deficiency. Arch Intern Med 162 (19): 2251-2. doi:10.1001/archinte.162.19.2251-a. PMID 12390080. Gilligan M (2002). Metformin and vitamin B12 deficiency. Arch Intern Med 162 (4): 484-5. doi:10.1001/archinte.162.4.484. PMID 11863489 Jones G, Macklin J, Alexander W (2003). Contraindications to the use of metformin. BMJ 326 (7379): 4-5. doi:10.1136/bmj.326.7379.4. PMID 12511434 Weir J (March 19, 1999). Guidelines with Regard to Metformin-Induced Lactic Acidosis and X-ray Contrast Medium Agents. Royal College of Radiologists. Retrieved on 2007-10-26 through the Internet Archive. a b Thomsen HS, Morcos SK (2003). Contrast media and the kidney: European Society of Urogenital Radiology (ESUR) guidelines. Br J Radiol 76 (908): 513-8. doi:10.1259/bjr/26964464. PMID 12893691.  

Ben Franklin :: essays research papers

There was a man named Josiah Franklin. He owned a candle and soap shop in Boston, Massachusetts. The sign for the shop was shaped like a blue ball. Josiah had children, but there were often not living at home. Josiah invited guests to his home to talk and teach his children, but the guests were not aware that they were invited to teach the Franklin children. Both Josiah and his wife felt strongly about educating their children; they took their childrens' education very seriously. Benjamin, one of their children, always listened to the guests; he was a very bright child. Benjamin taught himself to read when he was only five years old. His parents wished that they could send Ben to school, but they were very poor. Once three very important men visited Josiah and told him of a new law which said that children must attend school. Josiah sent Ben to the Boston Latin School because the only expenses were books and fire wood. At the Latin School all the children were expected to learn fables by heart. The fables had lessons which the school master thought was an important part of learning. Ben's best friend's name was Nathan. Ben helped Nathan learn the fable "The Wolf and the Kid", while Ben learned "The Dog and his Shadow". At the time of the recital of the fables the school master said, "and Ben will recite "The Wolf and the Kid", which was Nathan's fable. Ben thought, "If I say that it is Nathan's fable, then the school master will get into trouble. If I recite the fable, then Nathan will get into trouble." Ben did nothing; he simply stood there looking up into the sky. Everyone said that Ben was lazy and that he could not even learn one fable. Josia h Franklin stood up and explained his son's behavior and the school master was very embarrassed. Josiah and Nathan's father both took their sons to the Writing School. Ben was good in every subject except math. An example of the type of math that Ben had trouble with is; 848 plus 262 equals 101010. Poor Ben would get a zero but his teacher would not explain the math to him. Ben loved science and frequently did experiments. His first experiment was paddles to make him swim faster. When he tried his newly invented paddles he found that although he could swim faster the paddles hurt his wrists.

Diego Run

MY ESSAY It could be argued that some of the issues explored in Diego, run are not specific to the Bolivian population, but to all people in all circumstances. Discuss the relevance of the issues explored in Diego, Run! To people in Australia today. The novel Diego, Run! By Debora Ellis’ explores what life in a third world country is like and how it could be anywhere in the world. She shows us what poverty, child labour and the drug trade can be like; she also shows how all three of these major themes can be influenced by each other.Throughout the novel we are taken on a journey to the Bolivian country that shoes us what life can be really like when you are effected by the major themes in the book, no matter where you are or who you are you could be affected. Child labour is a downside in the novel Diego, Run! Child labour is an issue that is also a high problem in our first world country today. In third world countries, sometimes there may be no choice and child labour is the only option but it is still highly wrong.Child labour is when a child is legally too young to be in the work force, they should be out getting and education and having fun but are being forced to work for the poorness of their families. Throughout Diego, run! Diego who is 12 years of age is forced to do taxi jobs throughout the prison every day. He has no choice but to run errands as a taxi so he can support his mother and baby sister to be able to sleep inside the crowded cell, if he didn’t support his mother in paying rent they would be forced to sleep outside of the prison.Child labour is always going to be played out throughout our society no matter how hard we try to ride it out, In Bolivia or in Australia, if you can see signs of poverty no doubt there will be Child Labour. Poverty is an overriding theme in the novel Diego, Run! and is the major cause of Child Labour. Everyone you look in today’s society you will be able to see a family or country living in pove rty which includes; lacking food, clothing and a place to live, this is a major problem in the Bolivian country, any third world country or any first world country. Evidence of poverty in Diego, Run!Are that Diego and his family have to rent out a cell in a prison just so they don’t have to sleep outside in the prison, this makes readers stunned and make them react to just how bad poverty can be. If there is poverty, parents will do as much as they can to support their family or force their child into child to make them help support the family. Poverty can make anyone want to earn money so they can make a living and attempt to live a better life for themselves and their family if they have one, if this means going into the drug trade then that’s what will happen no matter of the consequences.In the novel Diego, run! The dominate theme of the drug trade shows us how someone living in poverty relies on the drug trade to make a living. In Bolivia the police force is poor, so it would be easy for someone in poverty to start the making of drugs in the country and make a living. Anywhere you go you will discover some form of drug trade, from the young to the old. Bolivia is a third world country and people are living in poverty and this is the reason Diego goes into the drug trade in the first place, to help is family out.Diego was peer pressured into entering the drug trade by another boy in the prison; this is similar to our society as we don’t start smoking or taking drugs until our peers or parents encourage us to do so. Mando virtually brain washes Diego into going away into the drug world to make a living for his mum, he thinks he has no other option so he decides to go with him. First he has to earn some boliviano to have with him in his pocket and then write a note to lie to his mother about going to stay with his father for a while.Ultimately as long as you have poverty you will have child labour and a drug trade. Family’s going through a tough time will take their child out of education to force them into child labour to earn a living for their family. No matter where you go, or where you come from, a first world county or a third world country you will soon stumble across signs of poverty, child labour and the drug trade. Deborah Ellis has written a very inspiring novel, Diego, Run! To inform us about what things are really like in today’s society.

A Schenkerian Analysis of Preludio from Bach’s Unaccompanied Violin Partita Essay

Very few theorists touch upon the topic of motivic and structural coherence in Bach’s dance suites. The keyboard and lute suites deservedly have more published analyses than the string suites – considering there are simply more of them – leaving the cello and violin suites pristine and practically untouched, and unjustifiably so. The most obscure are the violin suites, particularly the BWV 1006 in E major. With the exception of the well-known published analysis by Schenker of the Preludio, Carl Schachter’s analysis of the Gavotte en Rondeaux, no other analysis can be found of this partita. Building on Schenker and Schachter, I present my own Schenkerian analysis of the Preludio. With the help of David Beach’s book on unity in Bach suites and Joel Lester’s book on Bach’s solo violin works, I address motivic and structural coherence in this partita with some observations that apply to all of Bach’s violin suites. Bach composed six unaccompanied works for the violin in the year 1720, three Sonatas da chiesa and three Partitas. The â€Å"partita†, as understood during Bach’s time, was a set of variations; as one might infer, this definition implies that some or all movements of each partita are variations of each other. The BWV 1006 has seven movements and the only violin partita that begins with a prelude. David Beach addresses the first two of three violin Partitas in his book, observing the importance of the neighbor motion as a motivic pattern in the first and second Partitas. I wish to call attention to the great significance of the neighbor motion that is present in the third Partita as well. The Preludio opens with a lower-neighbor figure E-D#-E, and the figure occurs within every modulation. It’s noteworthy that Urlinie itself, in fact, contains an incomplete neighbor. The Gavotte en Rondeaux is the literal embodiment of the variation concept. Being the only violin partita with a Rondo movement, the notion that a partita is a set of variation is most evident through this partita. Regarding Gavotte en Rondeaux, Carl Schachter suggests that as the episodes increase in complexity, the ritornello seems more and more parenthetical. In a sense the two episodes can be organically linked over the ritornello, and thus the concept of the Rondo is realized even more so beyond its surficial sectionalized design. Continuing with this notion, I suspect that as a whole, the movements of BWV 1006 can be linked together specifically because it is a set of variations, despite its superficial differences. Structural coherence of the partita can be inferred from the Preludio. The piece is typically heard as two sections that are quite similar, while this division seems insignificant, it suggests a subtle element of variety. Being a prelude, it would not be presumptuous to assume either one the two things: the other movements will have similar two-part divisions, or other movements will also have varying sections. To facilitate an in-depth analysis of the Preludio, I have produced foreground and middle ground graphs. However, I made my graphs after consulting Schenker’s own analysis of the Preludio. As one of Schenker’s earlier analyses, it is noteworthy that he reads the Urlinie as an 8-line; this octave-line interpretation creates more problems than a reading from 3. However, the basic, fundamental idea Schenker presented provides a blueprint for a reading, which, in my view, is more accurate. Schenker offered FIG. 1 in conjunction with the 8-line Urlinie, without specifying exactly what the relationship is. I propose that Schenker intuited the significance of the neighbor motion in the Urlinie, and read 8 as a cover tone. From Schenker’s figure above I present my notion of the incomplete upper neighbor [FIG. 2]. The de-emphasis of the returning 3 as a passing tone from 4 to 2 lends importance to the incomplete upper neighbor A, supported by IV. This self-contained tonal area stretches over half of the Preludio. A reprise of an opening passage at the initiation of the A prolongation gestures its independence from its surrounding, indeed a smaller organism enveloped within the larger animal. This is evident through the internal auxiliary cadence to A that accompanies the tonal area IV. In retrospect, the IV is already a long-term goal from the beginning. The first 58 measures properly set the stage for the emergence of IV. The first step on the path to IV is the movement to VI as a short-term goal. This is done by first moving to G# (m. 39) through F# (m. 37), creating a third progression E-F#-G# in the process. The G# is employed first in the top voice as primary tone and then in the bass as pedal point, also the fifth to the incoming C# (m. 51) [FIG 4.  EX. 1]. The C#, in a sense, is a midway stopping point from E major on its way to A major. A# in measure 53 leads to B, creating yet another third progression G#-A#-B. The B is to be read not as V of E but as II of A, unfolding to tonic through two consecutive fifths B-E-A [EX. 2]. As we shall see, the contour of the bass forecasts what is to come; additionally this prelude within the Preludio presents the material for further elaboration and development. Now firmly in A, a memorable passage from measures17-28 is restated in the new key, as though a second beginning. This reiteration casts upon listeners a sense of home, even though the music has strayed to a new tonal area. As I stated before, the 58-measures prelude will matured and grow in its new environment. The bass progression moves in the similar contour as the early 58 measures. The F# (VI) in the bass being a third below A, serves as a short-term goal as a midway stopping point on its way to D# (V65). The long-term relationship between A and D# results in a tri-tone which intensifies the arrival of V [E, 4]. The midway F# is unfolded from G# the same manner as the unfolding of A from B, through two consecutive fifths F#-D#-G# [E, 3]. The internal Urlinie is initiated by C# over A in [E, 2], and falls upon an implied B above the D# as 2, the B is prolonged over the V in a 6-5 motion [E, 5]. The path between V on its way back to I is quite sophisticated. In the treble, a sequential circle of fifths is used to take the fifths (E-B) to the octaves (A-A) [E, 5. 5]. With an 8-7 motion, the A octave becomes a B7 chord. The B acts as pedal point at this point in the bass [E, 6]. As the seventh of B resolves to G#, B leaps a third to D#, which then is registrally shifted to a lower register through arpeggiation. The low D# then compose out a D#7 chord reaching a high A, thus the end of the internal Urlinie is reached. It should be noted that Schenker pointed out a large-scale voice exchange, consisting of B and D# between measure 120 and measure 128 [see foreground graph pg. 8]. The V in the bass arpeggiation is now approached with utmost anticipation as the weight of the entire Preludio shifts upon its imminent arrival; with only a few measures left, one has to onder in what magnificent way the V will be executed to counterbalance the monumental build to the IV? As the internal Urlinie is fulfilled in measure 131, two descending third progressions in parallel sixths [E, 7] bring forth the most dramatic, German style of violin execution: one dotted quarter B7 quadruple stop that brings the Preludio to a single halt, as the V is finally in place. The effective but swift gesture is sustained by A, the seventh, no longer an incomplete upper neighbor but supported by V. As the A moves through G# to F#, a 7-6-5 motion is created over V as Urlinie scale degree 2 is reached [E, 8]. The bass returns home to its original tonic E in measure 137, and the Urlinie is satisfied as well with E in the treble. The last two measures are coda, finishing the piece in a similar manner as it opened, unfolding itself back into the high E through two octaves. Extended bow technique is demanded to perform the Preludio, perhaps more so than the other movements; but that is not to say the big shifts and the frequent adjusting to unconventional positions is any more comfortable for the left hand. The consistent stream of sixteenth notes in a fast ? nvokes immediate association to a keyboard prelude. Furthermore, the multiple voices created through exploiting the full range of the instrument allows for keyboard features such as pedal point, register shifts. Combined with multiple subject entries and modulations, this piece contains mature Baroque characters of a Bach keyboard prelude. Ironically, Bach wrote such a prelude for a most unsuitable instrument, perhaps with the knowledge that only with correct and virtuosic execution can its full intended effect be achieved. As I begin to understand the purpose of each note, I play the piece better. Mindless playing and practicing is unfulfilling and futile, and can only produce the most stiff and lifeless imitations of music, if I may quote Schenker. As for the issue concerning unity in all of Bach’s work, both Lester and Beach discussed first two violin partitas at length but strangely failed to address the last partita, I think the research on this topic remains incomplete without consideration of this partita. It would be interesting, if not absolutely necessary to look into the rest of the partita to see what it has to offer.

Account for the decline in prestige and authority of the pap essays

Account for the decline in prestige and authority of the pap essays Account for the decline in prestige and authority of the papacy during the During the fourteenth century, the papacy suffered a huge decline in prestige and authority due to many factors. These include, the open conflict between Pope Boniface VIII and King Phillip IV of France, the advancement of some city-states of Italy with Rome being left behind, the removal of the Apostolic See from Rome to Avignon, the Great Schism and the papacies focus on administrative and juristic issues rather than spiritual purity. Since the investiture contest (1075-1122) there have been ongoing struggles between the secular and spiritual powers. Most notable is the open conflict between King Phillip IV of France and Pope Boniface VIII over the ability to tax the church and the ability to bring the clergy under the justice of the king. Secular taxing of the church was not what the papacy wanted as it gave them less money to tax for themselves. The papal bull Clericis Laicos forbade such taxes. King Phillip defied the bull and continued to tax the clergy. This is understandable as if he were to obey the bull; a vast amount of taxable land would be lost to him. The nature of Criminous clergy was also a big issue as the people saw preists mildly rebuked for serious crimes. This led to a general fealing that the church was coddling its own. Phillip claimed that anyone who breaks secular law should be tried in a secular court. Pope Boniface disagreed fealing that the Church could not be independandt if its persone l could be arrested at any time. Unam Sanctum was isued to assert the superiority of the Church over secular poweres. ...Behold, here are two swords... both are in the power of the Church, the spiritual sword and the material, but the latter is to be used for the church and the former by her... This illustrates the papal view of the world and effectivaly removes the secular ability to charge members...

“The Collector of Treasures” by Bessie Head Essay Research Paper Example

â€Å"The Collector of Treasures† by Bessie Head Essay Research Paper Example â€Å"The Collector of Treasures† by Bessie Head Essay Paper â€Å"The Collector of Treasures† by Bessie Head Essay Paper Bessie Head was born and reared in from South Africa. She is the writer of â€Å"The Collector of Treasures. † Many points that she depicted in her narrative were about the oppressive attitudes some work forces had about adult females and kids and how society outcast certain adult females based upon what happened in their lives or upon what they could or could non make. In this narrative. â€Å"The Collector of Treasures. † Dikeledi. a strong and resilient characteris married to a adult male named Garesego who is a womaniser. Garesego believed that everything had to be about sex. He did non take attention of his duties as a adult male. Head described him as the type of adult male who had sex with adult females like Canis familiariss. out of canal lecherousness. Out of the four old ages that they were together. Garesego got Dikeledi pregnant 3 times and left her. He did non go forth and travel to another small town. he stayed in the same small town and did non take attention of the boies he helped convey in the universe. On the contrary. Paul is wholly different from Garesego. Paul is portrayed as the adult male who cares about his adult female and treats her like a individual. He is at that place for his married woman. Kenalepe. and their kids. Sing Paul dainty his married woman like a individual was something new for Dikeledi and seeing that type of action from a adult male to his married woman led Dikeledi to seek to speak to Garesego. Garesego is your typical male. so when Dikeledi asked him for money to take attention of their kids. he expected sex in return. Dikeledi had another program in head. Her mentality in this scenario was that Garesego phallus is the lone thing that makes him different from her and he used to command adult females. Therefore. when she castrated him. non merely did she kill him. she made him her equal. Garesego was a adult male who did non hold any regard for adult females. He used them as sex objects and threw them off when he was done. In Dikeledi’s experience. he used her one excessively many times. Without his phallus. Dikeledi felt he could non ache anyone any longer. particularly her. She had watched him handle her wronglongenough every bit good as other adult females. Dikeledi felt that without his phallus. Garesego and she would be on the same degree. This narrative is entitled. â€Å"A Collector of Treasures† and Dikeledi was decidedly a aggregator of hoarded wealths. Even though throughout the full narrative. she had nil but grief after grief and bad things done to her. nevertheless. she did non allow that impact who she was destined to be. Dikeledi was non the ordinary lady. she was stronger than the mean adult female and cognize how to make everything the mean adult female and adult male could. That is one thing she treasured. Dikeledi besides treasured the fact that she could make what she needed to make to do certain her and her household was taken attention of. Dikeledi treasured the fact that she was a strong. independent adult female. Dikeledi’s name meant â€Å"Tears. † Throughout the full narrative. Dikeledi neer shed a tear whether it was felicity or unhappiness. She valued her strong willed head and her finding to make the incredible. Due to the fact that she was a strong adult female likely meant that she caused person else tears. but non herself. There are some dry points in this narrative. One is that the protagonist’s name was Dikeledi and you pronounce the beginning of her name as â€Å"Dick† which is a slang name for phallus. Besides. the writer of this narrative name is Bessie Head and Dikeledi had a good â€Å"head† on her shoulder. Dikeledi was a aggregator of many hoarded wealths and she added her husband’s phallus to the aggregation. Throughout Dikeledi’s difficult life. she has looked beneath the surface and collected little hoarded wealths. and these gave her the strength to travel on.

Reading Response to Poem To Waken an Old Lady by William Carlos Williams

Reading Response to Poem To Waken an Old Lady by William Carlos Williams Reading Response to Poem To Waken an Old Lady by William Carlos Williams To Waken an Old Lady is a poem that was authored by William Carlos Williams. The poem essentially focuses on the aspect of old age. Therefore, the writer utilizes numerous bookish tools so as to construct the poem. In my experience of reading the poem I got attracted to the manner in which the author presented the poem the use of literary devices actually affected my experience. The use aspects of content, language and form were of greatest significance in the entire poem. Other literary devices have also been used in the construction of the poem. The elements used greatly affected my response to the poem, in its entirety. The literary devices employed by the author of the poem actually affected my response to the poem. Furthermore, they made me to focus more on one aspect of the poem than the others. I was significantly drawn to the aspect of old age and its prevalent connotations. This is due to the manner in which the author applied the literary elements all through. I cannot deny the great relevance of the above elements on my experience. William Carlos Williams makes great use of several elements in the presentation of the poem. Some of these elements are language, form and content. First of all I was greatly attracted to the aspect of content. The author chose to narrow down to old age as the essential content of the poem. Actually it activated me as I read through the poem. I just appreciate their use through out the reading. The language used by the author was both poetic and simple. This served two purposes at the same time. First was the fact that the poetic language made it possible for the poem to be appealing first as a text and second as a medium of communication. Subsequently, the language was simple enough to be comprehended by the reader. The use of literacy elements by William Carlos Williams in the construction of the poem, To Waken an Old Lady is inherently commendable. The form of the poem was great and played a great role in making my response to the poem. I tended to focus on the nature of the form employed by the author on the presentation of old age through symbolism. This constituted a key cause that manipulated my reading experience as well as my response. It actually changed my perception of the poem. Generally, the application of the several elements in the poem was of great magnitude not merely in the expansion of the poem, but towards the reading experience and response. William Carlos Williams, To Waken an Old Lady is a poem that focuses on the aspect of old age. Having read through the poem, my reading, and response experience was inherently influenced by the numerous literary devices and elements used by the author. As a result, the use of language, form and content were of great significance to the presentation of the entire poem. Actually it made me to focus primary on the prevalence of old age. This was due to the fact that old age was symbolized in several elements that the author employed in the construction of the poem.

The Effectiveness of the Royal Family and how it has changed the Essay

The Effectiveness of the Royal Family and how it has changed the United Kingdom - Essay Example The leader of the political which acquires the most number of seats in the House of Commons can form a government and this opportunity is granted to the Member of Parliament by the monarch. INTRODUCTION TO THE BRITISH ROYAL FAMILY The last monarch who took active part in the government was Queen Anne and she was responsible for the Act of Union 1707 according to which England and Scotland were united into a single Kingdom of Great Britain. In 1714, Queen Anne was succeeded by George I (Luttrell 1857). Formation of the British Royal Family The new monarch was not as active in the government as his predecessors but he did not let go of his governmental control over his German kingdoms. Due to his comparative inactiveness in the government, the governmental powers shifted towards the ministers of George. In this regard, most powers were shifted to Sir Robert Walpole who is regarded as the first Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. The title of the Prime Minister was not officially used at that time but due to the powers held by Sir Robert Walpole, it is said that he was the first Prime Minister (Pinches & Pinches 1974). This was the initiation of the change in the political structure of the United Kingdom and it can said that this was the start of the formation of the United Kingdom as it is today. ... The next monarch was George II and with his ancestors, the Royal Family grew. The members of the Royal Family increased and since then the Royal Family holds a very special position in the political structure of the United Kingdom. The Royal Family has a number of formal responsibilities and whether the responsibilities are taken care of is recorded. The formal responsibilities include meetings among the members of the Family and other public engagements (Collins 1984). Role of the Royal Family in the United Kingdom The members of the Royal Family take part in hundreds of public engagement that take place each year all around the United Kingdom. The members of the United Kingdom attend the ceremonies to encourage and know about the endeavors of institutions and individuals in their work regarding different aspects of life. The members of the Royal Family take part in certain activities on behalf of HM The Queen and act on her behalf. The members of the Royal Family often take part in commemorating historical events, celebratory occurrences, holidays and tragic occurrences. Due to the involvement of the Royal Family in such occurrences, the Royal Family holds an important position for the people of the United Kingdom. The citizens of the United Kingdom attach great respect to the Royal Family and honor the involvement of the Royal Family in national activities with great enthusiasm. The Royal Family also sponsors a number of cultural, social and charitable activities. This is also one of the reasons behind the constant high position of the Royal Family among the citizens of the United Kingdom. By these activities, the Royal Family shows that it cares for the people of the United Kingdom and in turn the people of the United Kingdom

ICS 120 - Anything from the Moors to Pancho Villa Term Paper

ICS 120 - Anything from the Moors to Pancho Villa - Term Paper Example However, the Vandals and Byzantine rulers failed to penetrate the interior that still under the Moorish control. The Berbers were also able to resist domination by the warring Arab armies that kept attacking them from the East. However, this resistance did not last long as the Moors became Islamised by 700 CE (Nicolle 22). The Islamic Moors were able to defeat and take control of much of Iberia by 711 CE. They named peninsula area the Al Indulus. They tried to move northeast towards and across the Pyrenees Mountains but they were revolted by Frank Charles and his army in 732 CE at the Battle of Poitiers. The Moors were ruled over Iberia for several years, converting several of the original inhabitants into Islam (Sertima 65). A small Christain Iberian Kingdom known as the Austrias started the reconquista, or Inquisition, in the 8th century. Slowly they were able to spread their control over the north and western parts of Iberia. By the 13th century, a group of Christian leaders were able to drive out the Islamic Moors from the central part of the peninsula. Although most of the Iberian area fell under foreign control, the Moor’s Kingdom of Granada in the south thrived for three hundred more years. During the late half of the 15th century, a mass exodus from the peninsula was caused by forced conversion into Catholicism. This led to the decline of the powerful Al-Indulus into small fiefdoms which were known as taifas. These fiefdoms were consolidated in part under the Cordoba Caliphate (Nicolle 55). During the wars of Inquisition, many of the Moors chose to remain in Spain and were converted to Christianity. They were heavily persecuted by King Phillip and his armies if and when they were thought to be practising Islam in secret. They revolted in 1568 and this led to more persecutions. Eventually, they were expelled from Spain. Although

Service visit and analyzes assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Service visit and analyzes assignment - Essay Example As added proof of the almost excellent knowledge that Starbucks baristas have, he was able to prepare this drink without having to look up how it is mixed while all along explaining to me what went on in its making (Bussing-Burks 55). Another service aspect that I find to be particularly outstanding at Starbucks is the fact that the restaurant never sells any coffee that happens to have been sitting for more than 30 minutes. While on my visit to the shop I personally noted that the baristas would rather throw away coffee than attempt to serve anything old they deem to be old. There are however a number of aspects that left me with a negative perception during my service visit to Starbucks. The service at Starbucks can at times prove to be rude. One striking case that comes to mind is that while I was quietly seated at a corner sipping at my nutella latte while all along analyzing the service at the Starbucks store I was visiting. An incident occurred that I deemed to not be quite appropriate. During a rare lull when there were actually no customers waiting to be served at the store. The cashier started chatting with one of the barista’s, a lady walked into the store proceeded to go and stand in front of the coffee makers while awaiting to be served. Despite having noticed the presence of this customer, the cashier and barista continued with their conversation and ignored the customer who was rapidly becoming inpatient. After about two minutes of idle waiting, the customer demanded to know why she was not being served upon which the cashier rudely replied that the customer was not standing at the proper location where people order. This greatly infuriated the customer who walked out in anger and promised to file an official complaint. I found this to be quite unprofessional and it had the effect of negatively influencing my perception of the overall customer experience at the

Compare Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Compare - Essay Example The premise of this essay is therefore to compare and contrast two works of literature, which are both fictional articles or short stories. Throughout the paper, the approaches used by the writers in expressing their opinions about issues of society are analyzed. This is done by looking very deep into the themes used by the writers and how the themes were effective in conveying the messages that writers needed to put across. The two texts that are used in the essay are The Ingrate by Paul Laurence Dunbar and Tito’s Goodbye by Cristina Garcia. Very relatively, the themes used in these texts are very similar, given the fact that they all focused on the issues of law in one way or the other. In Tito’s Goodbye, the theme of advantageous injustice was looked at from a moral perspective, whereby the unfair actions of an attorney and how these turned to him in the long were was reviewed. Similarly The Ingrate looked at advantageous injustice from the perspective of slave trade by critiquing how slave masters took advantage of their slaves and treated them as less inferior people. As far as themes are concerned therefore, both texts were concerned with injustice in society and the end result of such acts. The writers were therefore able to send very strong moral lessons as to why injustice can never be justified in any context. Even though the themes used in the two works were similar, the approaches to presenting them were slightly different. For example in The Ingrate, the theme of injustice is taken from a societal or communal perspective whiles in Tito’s Goodbye the same theme is taken from a personal or individualized perspective. This was the contrasting point in the two papers as far as the themes are concerned. Having said this, it would be noted that the two texts perfectly complement each other in terms of addressing the issue of injustice. The complementary nature of the two themes come in as the act of injustice is commonly seen to be

Comparison and Contrast (Point by Point) exactly four points Essay

Comparison and Contrast (Point by Point) exactly four points - Essay Example This paper will discuss how men and women shop for essentials, how they treat shopping as relaxation or socialization and what they consider important when buying things. Women have been dubbed as extravagant because of their role in the household. As the gender which was predominantly thought of as housekeepers and child caregivers, women went to the grocery store more often than men. They would think about everybody’s needs and they buy everything that the whole household needs (Brennan). This spares the men from going to the market or the mall. When men need to buy their own essentials, they would seldom think about the other members of the family so that they are often focused on one department when they go shopping, making them stay for a shorter period of time compared to women. On the contrary, women often shop their own needs including the needs of other loved ones so that they would need to go to the ladies’ department, children’s wears, men’s clothes as well as the groceries in just one shopping spree. This means that norms demanded women to shop more than men, buying almost everybody’s needs while men wou ld sometimes go shopping but not for everybody. Meanwhile, feminism and modernization brought changes not only in family arrangements but how men act as consumers as well. According to Todd Hale, senior vice president of the Nielsen Company, â€Å"men (are) facing higher unemployment than women (therefore) they are taking a more active role in household duties†. Nevertheless, statistics show that the spending of males in 2004 has not changed much in 2010 although there is a slight increase in the number of male consumers in dollar, supercenter, grocery and other products. This strengthens the point made earlier that the role of women as housekeepers makes shopping a part of their daily business and therefore they

Evaluation of the Key Marketing Strategies for Toyota in the UK Essay - 1

Evaluation of the Key Marketing Strategies for Toyota in the UK - Essay Example This paper illustrates that the sales and revenues for Toyota reduced in financial 2011, compared to 2010 in its major geographic market segment; Japan. This occurred because the government was offering subsidies for the citizens to purchase eco-friendly cars. This, therefore, points to the need for venturing into the less competitive market segment, where there are still few companies specializing in this market segment. By so doing, Toyota will manage to annex a new market segment comprising of buyers and government institutions willing to use the Eco-Cars, making it possible for the company to increase its sales and revenues. Thus, the introduction of Eco-friendly cars by Toyota in the UK will have the impact of boosting its sales, since government institutions in the UK support these vehicles. This way, Toyota will manage to capture the demand from these institutions, thus expanding its overall market share, sales and revenues. Customers are always in search of products that will not only satisfy their need, but also those products which they have full confidence in. the market for Toyota vehicles has been badly hurt by recalling cars, which were manufactured with various defects. Although such an action is necessary to avoid losing the market share when the default is eventually discovered, it does not augur well with customers. Recalling vehicle after selling them to the customers serves to inconvenience the customers, while also increasing their doubt on the suitability of the subsequent products manufactured by the company. This is detrimental since it s erodes the confidence that the customers had on the company and its products. Additionally, recalling cars after they have already been sold is detrimental to the reputation of the company, since it gives its competitors an upper hand. Therefore, to boost the confidence of the customers and ensure that their loyalty in the company and its products is restored, the company needs to work towards improving the reliability of its products, through eliminating any weaknesses on its products before they are released to the market.

Comparison and Contrast (Point by Point) exactly four points Essay

Comparison and Contrast (Point by Point) exactly four points - Essay Example This paper will discuss how men and women shop for essentials, how they treat shopping as relaxation or socialization and what they consider important when buying things. Women have been dubbed as extravagant because of their role in the household. As the gender which was predominantly thought of as housekeepers and child caregivers, women went to the grocery store more often than men. They would think about everybody’s needs and they buy everything that the whole household needs (Brennan). This spares the men from going to the market or the mall. When men need to buy their own essentials, they would seldom think about the other members of the family so that they are often focused on one department when they go shopping, making them stay for a shorter period of time compared to women. On the contrary, women often shop their own needs including the needs of other loved ones so that they would need to go to the ladies’ department, children’s wears, men’s clothes as well as the groceries in just one shopping spree. This means that norms demanded women to shop more than men, buying almost everybody’s needs while men wou ld sometimes go shopping but not for everybody. Meanwhile, feminism and modernization brought changes not only in family arrangements but how men act as consumers as well. According to Todd Hale, senior vice president of the Nielsen Company, â€Å"men (are) facing higher unemployment than women (therefore) they are taking a more active role in household duties†. Nevertheless, statistics show that the spending of males in 2004 has not changed much in 2010 although there is a slight increase in the number of male consumers in dollar, supercenter, grocery and other products. This strengthens the point made earlier that the role of women as housekeepers makes shopping a part of their daily business and therefore they

Bread Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Bread - Term Paper Example The crust nature of the bread differs from the way and type of the bread prepared. Bread is mostly taken as part of the breakfast meal and beside other meals depending on a culture. Most of the breads known are the white bread that is made up of the endosperm and wheat flour and the brown bread which is known to be more healthier because of the additional whole grains that increases the fiber content. The French stick which is known as bread baguette is the popular type of bread within the France community. It’s a crusty long thin loaf which has a standard weight of 250 grams. The bread baguette bread has different forms of bread depending on the type and size. They is the molded bread which is made up of a crispy golden brown crust with a thinner crust than the rest, ordinary bread crust and the floured bread which is basically covered with wheat flour before being cooked. The white ordinary French bread is the most common type with several variety types of bread from the flute(double size of the baguette),couronne(the ring shaped bread),ficelle(long and very tiny loaf which should be eaten while fresh otherwise the inside dries up quickly while baked) and the batard(half the normal loaf). In france, most peoples’ day begin with breakfast which consists of bread, coffee or chocolate that is drunk using a bowl. Bread is also taken around four by the students from school. The French people consider meal as part of their rights and leisure activity. The French food is famously believed to be healthy and encouraged to be taken throughout the year by individuals. It consists of well baked fresh bread, milk fruits, local cheese, vegetables and high quality ingredients. The main ingredients used to make the French bread include water, flour,salt and yeast and some eggs and other ingredients if required. The first step involves kneading which involves the mixing of all the ingredients in a bowl and forming smooth and elastic dough. The dough is greased and

Standardized Ion Chromatograpy (IC) for Salivary Analysis

Standardized Ion Chromatograpy (IC) for Salivary Analysis According to Darvell et. al. (2004), the research is about analysis of human saliva by using ion chromatography(IC). The aim of this research is to construct out a standardized IC protocol for future salivary analysis. The samples has go through several procedures such as centrifugation to remove particulates, filtration on supernatant, and the residual droplet was removed by a paper tissue without touching it to the CFD (centrifugal filter device). This is because want to minimize the risk of back–contamination of the device. About the pretreatment, the temperature for centrifugation is set at 4Â °C which inhibit the pathogen spreading and lower the bacterial activity. The steps of pretreatment temperature, duplicate runs of the samples and recovery of known addition of standard solution are to make sure that the result obtained is reproducible and no significant different. However, the resolution has shown decrease and this may cause by the protein retained in the exchange site of column resin or the surface of suppressor. It is suggested that application of membrane ultrafiltration can minimize contamination of IC system. Besides, there are few things have to take in consideration which are pretreatment and sample dilution. If the sample pH is higher than 2-3, in pretreatment part have to avoid introducing the ionic contaminant or subtracting any ion that needed if cellulose used in material for membrane ultrafiltration. Sample dilution can make the resolution between peaks greater especially when fluid with smaller volume are available sufficient for injection. Xie et al. (2011) have reported the studies on levels of adenosine phosphate in blood which are analyzed by using ion chromatography. In this research, gradient mode of elution is used, because it well-known as can carry out fast result and provide sharp peak due to gradient compression effects. The procedure are firstly sample dilution, homogenization, centrifugation, membrane filtration and finally injection into the IC system. The addition of acetonitrile in homogenization part is to extract out the protein as precipitation. Adenosine phosphate likely retained in column and cause contamination since they are very polar molecule however this research has proven that by using this method it will not retained on the column and it can applicable to the analysis of true blood samples. Hou Cramer (2011) has evaluated on selectivity in multimodal anion exchange system priority on prediction of protein retention time and investigation of effect caused by mobile phase modifier. About selectivity, as we know protein are more strongly retain tendency with resin. The multimodal effect which the arrangement pattern has given an electrostatic attraction that manage the binding behaviors with obeying Langmuir isotherm. In this research, two anion resin was used which are Capto Adhere(ADH) and Q Sepharose FF. Result shown there was more retention on ADH because additional interactions existed. In ADH ligand, the additional interaction may composed hydrophobic properties contributed by aromatic ring and hydrogen bonding contributed by hydroxyl group. Suggested that the size of ion-exchanger should be smaller to optimize the performance and using monolithic porous column in order to improve the morphology of the resins. According to the Tyrrell ed. al. (2009), rapid IC have several advantages such as reduce the analysis time, cost and improve the productivity. The rapid IC can be transfer from the conventional method by modifying some parameter. The rapid IC using the similar stationary phases with the conventional chromatographic but the column geometry used in rapid IC was modified. Besides that, the volume used and the flow rate of sample were reduce by a factor of 12 to speed up the chromatographic process and the resolution is not affected for the smaller particle-packed columns with shorter length. In generally, gradient elution are consider more beneficial in fast separations and multi-component sample analysis. In optimize conditions, the separation speed is assume constant in this study. Meanwhile, the other parameter such as the column length was decreased by a factor of 10 and the smaller particles were reduced by a factor of 15. Reductions by factor in the parameters was reduce the resol ution, but the reduction in resolution still in the acceptable ranges, so the process still can be accepted. According to Chen Leong (2009), ÃŽ ±-fetoprotein (AFP) is a potential candidate in biopharmaceutical field, especially in the treatment of autoimmune indications. Recombinant AFP can indicate rheumatoid arthritis recently. However, due to the complexity of its structure as it contains 32 cysteines, which refolding and form 16 disulfide bonds by oxidation; the refolding process will be very hard to occur because the protein with highly disulphide-bonding is immobile on a stationary phase of chromatography. The objective of this study was to improve the refolding yield of the recombinant human AFP (rhAFP) using anion-exchange chromatography. Refolding process by batch dilution was studied as a control. Instead of ion-exchange column, a PD-10 desalting column was used to remove the DTT from protein mixture. The mixture was then eluted out the desalting column and refolding buffer was added. There were two types of anion-exchange column to carry out on-column refolding, which were Q-FF columns and DEAR-FF columns. Same procedures were performed on this refolding process as batch dilution, the protein was incubated in the column with refolding buffer for 0-24 hours, but with an addition of stripping buffer after refolding cycle. Next off-column refolding was carried out using a 1ml Q-FF column. Unlike on-column refolding, the protein was not incubated in column but treated with refolding buffer with or without 0.5M L-arginine after elution process. For batch dilution, as a result, the refolding yield is at maximum level which was around 55% at less than 0.5mg/ml of rhAFP, but at the allowable greatest concentration of protein refolding which is 0.45mg/ml, the yield of refolding obtained is 14% only. This is because high concentration of protein would lead to high aggregation and hence, low refolding process. 0.45mg/ml was the highest protein refolding concentration in this section because of solubility and viscosity limitation in preparation step of higher concentr ation of protein sample. On the other hand, refolding process in DEAE-FF column had higher recovery yield of rhAFP compared to that in Q-FF column which were 19% and 15% respectively when the amount of rhAFP load was 1mg. Q-FF is a strong anion-exchanger compared to DEAE-FF, this caused the strong interaction between protein samples with matrix and limited the disulfide shuffling to refold. In contrast, the interaction in DEAE-FF is relatively weaker, so the disulfide shuffling had higher efficiency and increased refolding process occurrence. The stripping buffer was added after refolding cycle to elute more refolded rhAFP, as the protein was mostly bound on column during refolding and elution process. Similar to result of batch dilution, increased amount of protein load brought increased aggregation and lower refolding process. Furthermore, aggregation of protein at the top section of the column can prevent the protein to move through the column, so another test was done with addit ion of NaCl to refolding process conducted in DEAE-FF column and it showed higher refolding yield. Investigation of off-column refolding was done without incubation of protein in Q-FF column with refolding buffer. Without addition of L-arginine, the refolding yield of 1mg of rhAFP load was higher than on-column refolding, and the yield could be increased to 42% after addition of L-arginine. The possible reason is due to interference of L-arginine toward the adsorption of rhAFP on the matrix. Hence it is impossible to add L-arginine if on-column refolding was desired to be performed. Actually, instead of Q-FF column, the off-column refolding can be conducted on DEAE-FF column with addition of L-arginine and NaCl, the outcome should be interesting to investigate. In a nutshell, off-column refolding yielded the most among the methods, which was 13-fold increase from batch dilution.

Rumors Essay -- essays research papers

Neil Simon's farce, Rumors, gives readers an in-depth look at the lives of ten wealthy individuals attending a dinner party. In an attempt to stay within the social crown, the characters start unsubstantiated rumors about their friends in an attempt to make themselves look better. The hosts of the party, Ken Gorman, and his wife Chris must cover up the fact that a friend of theirs, Charley Brock, has been shot in the ear lobe. They do not know how he got shot, but they decide that he must have tried to commit suicide, and thereby proceed to spread rumors about what they have heard in an attempt to avoid a possible attempted suicide scandal. They first lie to Charley's personal doctor, they lie about what happened to all of the servants, and they finally about a second gunshot heard in the house. When the Gormans first encounter Charley in his bedroom, they immediately call his personal doctor at the theater to tell him that Charley feels just fine. Chris relates the story to the doctor when she says, "Dr. Dudley, I'm afraid there's been an accident... Well, we just arrived here at Charley's house about ten minutes ago, and as we were getting out of our car, we suddenly heard this enormous... thud... It seemed Charley had tripped going up the stairs... no, wait, down the stairs. Down the stairs. But he's all right," (13). Finally, Chris manages to explain to the doctor that Charley had not really hurt himself in the first place and that she felt sorry to have bo...

Kant Essay -- essays research papers fc

Can't find it here? Try Collegiate Care Immanuel Kant Immanuel Kant was a man before his time. His philosophies, as outlined in Perpetual Peace, paved the way for modern political relations. Unbeknownst to his day and age, his insights were a revelation. They were seeds planted and left unsewn for 120 years. As a first and second image theorist, Kant mixes his liberal and realist views to paint a picture of "perpetual peace." His essay outlines the actions that nations should take to achieve this lofty objective. Through his layout of behavioral and philosophical ideologies, he believes nations can truly live synchronically. The first section of Kant's essay contains articles that specifically state the actions that nations should take to enable them to establish a world peace. These six articles must become the law of a nation endeavoring for peace. The first article applies to treaties of peace. In the first article he explains that states entering into peace treaties must resolve all problems that lead them to war. All parties must make known their issues and work to rectify them. Thus, in the future, there will be no circumstance that will lead them to war again amongst each other. The second of these laws communicates the need for all independent nations to be free from the seizure of another state. The next article is in complete opposition to the realist theory. Kant explains that all nations need to gradually dispense of their armed forces. He believes that armies held by nations increase the tension of their rivals. This makes them increase the size of their military. Here, Kant indirectly addresses the realist Prisoner's Dilemma. He believes that international conflicts arise from mistaken beliefs, as well as inadequate information and bad governments. As each side increases their military, the more likely a war will start. Thus, the paradox of the Prisoner's Dilemma. Kant argues that because humans have rationality, they can break out of the Prisoner's Dilemma. This is a fundamental difference between Kant and a traditional realist such as Morgantheau. The fourth law is about a nation's debt to the others. In this law, Kant argues that nations indebted to one another will cause war. He states in this article that if a nation face bankruptcy, then the nations that have loaned it funds will also b... ...ay. He wants a governmental system created whereby you have a society of laws and not of men. Kant starts out at the first image as a realist by admitting the inherent warlike human nature of mankind. As he moves to the second image he moves toward more liberal beliefs. He sees the state as a means of implementing a moral society with a structure that leaves no room for misbehavior. At the third image he becomes quite liberal. If states can abide by laws, then they can work together in harmony and morality. This is in sharp contrast with a classic realist like Morgantheau who sees no room for morality in international relations. However, Kant is not a naive liberal. For instance, he agrees with Thomas Hobbes when he concurs that there is no law above the state. With this knowledge in hand, he urges states to overcome their natural instincts and do what will ensure a perpetual peace. Or else, he warns: "...the destruction of both parties along with all rights is the result - would permit perpetual peace to occur only in the vast graveyard of humanity as a whole." (110) Bibliography Kant, Immanuel. Perpetual Peace. Hackett Publishing Company, Inc. 1983.

Pschology Module 27: Thinking, Language and Intelligence The Availability Heuristic Essay

Availability Heuristic: A mental shortcut that relies on immediate examples that comes to mind. When you are trying to make a decision, a number of related events or situations might immediately spring to the forefront of your thoughts. As a result, you might judge that those events are more frequent and possible than others. You give greater trust to this information and tend to overestimate the probability and likelihood of similar things happening in the future. Examples After seeing news reports about people losing their jobs, you might start to believe that you are in danger of being laid-off. You start lying awake in bed each night worrying that you are about to be fired. After seeing several television programs on shark attacks, you start to think that such incidences are relatively common. When you go on vacation, you refuse to swim in the ocean because you believe the probability of a shark attack is high. After reading an article about lottery winners, you start to overestimate your own likelihood of winning the jackpot. You start spending more money than you should each week on lottery tickets. Availability heuristic influences our decisionns and judgments by remembering something that shapes our impression to make these decisions and lead us astray in our judgments that makes information pop into our minds. Availability heuristic leads us to fear the wrong things and we shouldn’t always fear everything. Four influences that feed fear and cause us to ignore higher risks 1. We fear what our ancestral history has prepared us to fear (Confinement and heights, and therefore flying) 2. We fear what we cannot control (We can control a car by driving but not a plane) 3. We fear what is immediate (Teens are indifferent to smoking’s toxicity because they live more for the present than the distant future) 4. We fear what is most readily available in memory (Availability Heuristic) (Scary, vivid images like 9/11 cause our judgments of risk, we remember and fear natural disasters like hurricanes tornados and earthquakes that kill people instantly)

Bus 557 Assignment Essay

Ethics behavioral aspect of accounting is a special area of accounting that is developed to address such aspect of human information processing behavior, judgment quality, accounting problems created by users and providers of accounting information as well as their decision making skills. Secondly, paper will describe the organization, the accounting ethical breach and the impact to the organization related to ethical breach. Thirdly, this paper will determine how the organizational ethical issue was detected and how management failed to create an ethical environment. In some cases, some company pledged its own stock to ensure that partnerships would be able to borrow money. And when Enron stock started plummeting, the whole thing fell apart. Fourthly, this paper will analyze the accounts impacted and or accounting guidelines violated and the resulting impact to the business operation. They operated as the masterminds behind the system to defraud investors. The banks, by offering fake, illegal and not approved by regulators deals, played a significant role in helping Enron falsify company financial statements and mislead investors. Finally, the paper will discuss as a CFO which measures could have been taken to prevent this ethical breach and how each measure should be implemented in the future. First of all, there should be analysis of culture within the organization including norms of behavior, standards of conduct, values, perspective of attitudes, perceptions, there seems to be pressure to commit misconduct, communications, risks and vulnerabilities Review of Accounting Ethics Page 3 Given the corporate ethical breaches in recent times, assess whether or not you believe that the current business and regulatory environment is more conducive to ethical behavior. Provide support for your answer. Ethics behavioral aspect of accounting is a special area of accounting that is developed to address such aspect of human information processing behavior, judgment quality, accounting problems created by users and providers of accounting information as well as their decision making skills (Ponema, 2009). Existing businesses and regulatory environment is more conductive behavior because some companies and managers feel as though they can get away with it. The unpredictable increase and collapse of the Enron Company set off a long-burning fire under the American social conscience. From every crevasse and corner, voices rose demanding increased accountability, demanding tighter regulation, and demanding that the unethical be brought to justice. Clearly, in such estimation, those at fault should have been punished business. Many transformations in the business environment have taken place, including immoral conducts and the tendency for corruption. Unethical accounting behavior is also included as a consequence. (Sims, 1992). So the government has been forced to increase regulations and inspect actions taken in business, most especially after the Enron, Tyco, WorldCom and other unethical accounting scandals. As a result of the mentioned scandals, the government then passed the Sarbanes-Oxley Act in 2002 providing regulatory requirements for better precision in business action, accountability and assurance of ethical accounting behavior by publicly held companies and accounting firms. According to White (2000), the total number of boards of directors who set ethical codes of conduct within organizations has increased from 41 percent in 1991 to 78 percent. Review of Accounting Ethics Page 4 According to the Wall Street Journal about 79 percent of youth in the United States do not believe in the presence of moral principles in business. There should be a business foundation, especially in accounting which should provide society with adequate information about companies and industry. Accounting is more and more involved in consulting, so it requires high ethical standards to built trust between clients and companies (White, 2000). Even if society does not believe in the honesty in any business, I think that ethics and ethical behavior are very high priorities for companies today and this is proofed by the increasing number of companies currently applying ethical codes of conducts. Codes of ethics are arrangements that are frequently used as a force to promote ethical behavior. There are many ways that a business could operate ethically. They can impose legal actions and fines. This could then remove destruction to any firm’s reputation, and protect and / or increase the capital of any shareholder. Paying special attention to Shareholder value, cost control, creating a competitive advantage and avoiding internal corruption would also be a help. A firm’s unethical behavior could also contribute to the organization’s productivity level being lower over time. Because of all these aspects I believe that the current business and regulatory environment is more conducive to ethical behavior. Based on your research, describe the organization, the accounting ethical breach and the impact to the organization related to ethical breach. Enron Corp. was an energy company born from a mildly innovative 1985 deal that combined two boring businesses: an Omaha-based natural-gas-pipeline company named InterNorth and a similar Texas company called Houston Natural Gas. Instead of just delivering gas to customers at a modest profit, Enron decided to use newly deregulated pipelines to match other buyers and Review of Accounting Ethics Page 5 sellers in the energy industry. Enron became a gas trader, which would be much more exciting than just building pipes and transporting gas. Moreover, Enron was managing its own employee pension funds. This should not happen because it allowed the company to use these funds for the advantage of the company only, without taking care of their employees. Besides, Enron should have a code of ethics that prohibits managers and executives from being involved in another business entity that does business with their own company. Usually, codes of ethics are voluntary, but the board of directors should set them up as the important restriction of company. According to the Markkula Center for Applied Ethics (2002), legal and regulatory structures would trigger Enron’s bankruptcy. Initially, Arthur Andersen LLP would provide consulting and the audited reporting services noting the financial results of their consulting activities. This occurred because it was allowed by current law and regulations imposed by the Securities Exchange Commission (SEC). I see this as fault of within the legal structure and an evident conflict of interest. Additionally, another conflict of interest occurred in Enron by hiring and paying its own auditors. It is understandable that the auditors did not issue an adverse report on the company that was paying them. The conclusion coming from this situation is that private companies should not be allowed to pay for their own auditors.. Moreover, Enron would also expand into other business areas, including water, fiber optics, newsprint, and telecommunications (Halbert T & Ingulli, E. (2009). Legal structure permits managers to enter these arrangements, which constitute a conflict of interest. The managers and executives should take care of the best interest of the company and its shareholders because the law leaves them with freedom, to choose what it is the best interest of the company. There are no doubts that Enron’s officers did not act within the scope of their Review of Accounting Ethics Page 6 authorities. A few days before the outstanding loss of Enron was made public, workers who audited the company books for Arthur Andersen had been given an extraordinary directive to damage all audit material, except for the most basic â€Å"work papers. † Even if, there are no rules for how long company should keep its documents, it was illegal. (Halbert T. & Ingulli, E. (2009). Determine how the organizational ethical issue was detected and how management failed to create an ethical environment. Enron Corporation is a classic example of organizational-level corruption. Halbert T & Ingulli E. (2009). Enron debacle is not just the story of a company that failed; it is the story of a system that failed. And the system didn’t fail through carelessness or laziness; it was corrupted. â€Å" According to Report of Investigation by the Special Investigative Committee of the Board of Directors of Enron Corp (2002), Enron employees involved in the partnerships were enriched, in the aggregate, by tens of millions of dollars they should never have received–Farrow by at least $30 million, Hooper by at least $10 million, two others by $1 million each. Any of these employees, except Farrow, did not obtain the permission required by Enron’s Code of Conduct of Business Affairs to own interest in the partnerships. Moreover, many Enron transactions were designed to accomplish favorable financial statement results. These examples show that Enron’s officers put their own interest ahead of their obligations to Enron. The company allowed chief financial officer Farrow to set up partnerships that enabled Enron to report pretty much whatever numbers it needed to keep Wall Street happy. In some cases, the company pledged its own stock to ensure that partnerships would be able to borrow money. And when Enron stock started plummeting, the whole thing fell apart. (Farrow made off with millions of dollars for himself, but his depredations played no significant role in Enron’s fall. ) . When Review of Accounting Ethics Page 7 forensic accountants finally got a look at Enron’s books in late 2001, they discovered that the company had been reporting incorrect numbers for at least five years. Analyze the accounts impacted and / or accounting guidelines violated and the resulting impact to the business operation. Perhaps Enron could have been somewhat successful by branching out into the commodities business creating an international, privatized water market. Enron’s leaders in 1998 set up a subsidiary called Azurix with a major water concession in England, but British regulators cut the firm’s rates-and Enron’s style was significantly cramped. Azurix’s expansion into Brazil also worked out badly due to local politics. Enron hid the mounting debts in an off-the-balance-sheet partnership. This became a common Enron technique and led to the kind of debt load that became unsustainable when investors lost confidence in Enron’s numbers (Snider, 2006), according to Snider (2006), Farrow, the former Enron chief financial officer, said that Enron’s banks played important role in the corporation fraud. They operated as the masterminds behind the system to defraud investors. The banks, by offering fake, illegal and not approved by regulators deals, played a significant role in helping Enron falsify company financial statements and mislead investors. It was the banks that instructed Enron how to deal with the company’s significant financial challenges. If stated, dividend targets could not be met by Enron, and the company would have had to generate more cash flow to maintain its credit ratings. The banks assisted to design the fake and deceptive deals. The banks helped Enron to hide the debt which was not showing up on the books by replacing bad assets through creation shell companies. These shell companies, run by Enron executives who profited richly from them, allowed Enron to keep hundreds of millions of dollars in debt off its books. Also, loan transactions were reported as cash flow instead of debt. These finances were not shown in the financial statements. Review of Accounting Ethics Page 8 This action would lead the company’s stock and hurt most of investors across the country (Halbert T. & Ingulli, E. (2009). As a CFO, recommend which measures could have been taken to prevent this ethical breach and how each measure should be implemented in the future. Enron was liable for the action of its agents and employees, because most taken actions, which lead Enron into bankruptcy, were taken inside the corporation. Enron officers and managers repaid the banks by access to special deals; premium payments and insider access to future beneficial transactions (Maximizing Business Performance, 2007). In order to avoid situation that took place in Enron Corp. there are some actions that should be taken within an organization. First of all, there should be analysis of culture within the organization including norms of behavior, standards of conduct, values, perspective of attitudes, perceptions, pressures to commit misconduct, communications, risks and vulnerabilities. The Code of Ethics should be complied by Board Members and Senior Executives as well as by all employees. Measures they recommend should include staff training, evaluations of compliance systems, appropriate funding and staffing of the corporate ethics office. An organization has to make sure that consulting and auditing are separated while financing auditing has its independence with integrity. Moreover, managing proper communication regarding expectations, requirements, goals and roles at all levels is significant to constitute ethical behavior within an organization. Establishing an Ethics Committee helps to focus on ethical conduct and empower employees to make decisions according to organization’s values. Enron and other corporations need better financial disclosure mechanisms. The Financial Accounting Standards Board, responsible for rule making in the area, has to create regulations and standards that are more Review of Accounting Ethics Page 9 forth right and understandable to ordinary people. In addition, corporations need more responsible public servants, instead of creating more laws. We need to teach people to be responsible for what they have done, just as we have held the business people to accountability. Conclusion Since the objective of accounting is to provide relevant, timely information for user decision making, therefore, Accountants must behave in an ethical manner so that the information they provide will be trustworthy and, thus, useful for decision making. The purpose of ethics in accounting is to direct accountants to abide by the code of conduct that facilitates and encourage public confidence in their services. Ethics are moral principles that guide the conduct of individuals but unfortunately, some accountants sometimes behave in an unethical manner. These ethical violations led to fines, firings, and lawsuits. In some cases, accountants were criminally prosecuted, convicted, and sent to prison. References Snider, D. (2006, September 26). University of California, San Francisco. UC Says Farrow Implicated Banks in Enron Fraud. Retrieved April 27, 2013 from http://ucsf. edu/ stories/uc-says-farrow-implicated-banks-in-enron-fraud Halbert T & Ingulli, E. (2009). Law & Ethics in the Business Environment: 2010 custom edition (6th ed. ). Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning White J. (2000). Ethics in Business. Retrieved April 27, 2013, from http://www. pro2net. com Sims, R. R. (1992). Journal of Business Ethics, 11: 651–662. Committee of the Board of Directors of Enron Corp. Retrieved April 27, 2013, from http://fl1. findlaw. com/news. findlaw. com/wp/docs/enron/specinv020102rpt1. pdf

Oedipus and the Sphinx Essay

â€Å"Know Thyself† is sage advice. â€Å"All Things in Moderation† is also a wise saying. King Oedipus, subject of the most tragic story ever written, brought about his own downfall because of his excessive obsession to know himself. And, try as he might, the more he tried to escape his tragic Fate, the closer it got†¦ Thus, some say that the moral of the story is, Even if you try to thwart your destiny, you won’t succeed. The concept of predestination plays a large role here. For example, if the gods know what will happen, and events are pre-ordained, how can people make free choices or have any semblance of free will? If the gods put challenges in our way that we fail to rise to, are we responsible for the consequences? Would knowing the future, as Oedipus does, cause us to act or behave any differently? The ancient scribe Sophocles wrote â€Å"Oedipus the King† (between 441-427 B.C.E.) for the annual festival where playwrights competed for prizes. These festivals were major civic occasions, with attendance expected of all noted writers. In his play Sophocles goes out of his way to present Oedipus as an extremely capable, beloved ruler. It should be noted that Sophocles never suggests that Oedipus has brought his destiny on himself by any â€Å"ungodly pride† (hubris) or â€Å"tragic flaw† (hamartia), common themes in Greek tragedies. Sophocles also makes a special effort to explain that Oedipus killed King Laius in self-defense, and a major theme in the tragic play is whether one can believe in oracles and seers. The title of the play, from which is derived the story, is often given in its Latin translation (â€Å"Oedipus Rex†), rather than in its original Greek (â€Å"Oedipus Tyranneus†), since the Greek term for king is the English â€Å"tyrant†, which means a monarch who rules without the consent of the people. THE TRAGEDY BEGINS Laius and his wife Jocasta (or Iocasta) were King and Queen of Thebes, a prosperous and famous city state in ancient Greece. King Laius, as many people did those days, consulted Apollo’s revered oracle of Delphi for advice and to find out what the future held for him. What the oracle announced shocked the royal couple — The Delphic oracle said that the King’s son would grow up and kill him! To make matters worse, it was prophesized that the son would marry his mother and produce offspring by her. King Laius and Queen Jocasta were understandably aghast! A short time later Queen Jocasta became pregnant and gave birth to a darling little baby boy. Remembering with fear the oracle of Delphi’s words, the royal couple of Thebes had the infant’s feet pierced and tied together — that’s the meaning of the name Oedipus, â€Å"swollen feet†. (Myth Man’s note: this mythical detail makes no sense. It must have been introduced to expla in the hero’s name. (Hold everything, I stand corrected. Here is an informative note sent by reader Adam Johnston on July 1, 2011.) Hey there, Just thought I’d let you know that the ‘pointless mythical detail’ about Oedipus’ feet being pierced and tied together actually has dual function. It was to ensure that the baby would not survive when exposed to the wilderness. But, more importantly, it is a detail that helps him decipher the answer to the sphinx’s riddle later in life. He is a crippled man who walks with a cane, and scholars see this as the assistance he needed to understand the part of the riddle regarding the 3 legs. Just thought you should know! ~Adam (Many thanks to Adam for taking time to bring this to my attention.) Laius and Jocasta knew that their baby son had to be destroyed, but they didn’t have the heart to do so themselves. They instructed their most trusted slave to expose the hapless baby on Mount Cithaeron, a wild and beast-filled place where the infant surely would perish. In those days, it was usual to leave an unwanted or defective baby in the wilderness. However, the slave glanced down at the innocent child and took pity on it. Knowing that the royal couple of the nearby city state of Corinth was childless, and desperately desired a son, the slave left the crying infant, its feet still pierced and bound by a pin, in a place sure to be found. Sure enough, a kindly shepherd discovered the baby and brought the foundling for adoption to King Polibus and Queen Merope of Corinth. Oedipus was raised as a son by Polibus and Merope and grew to be a handsome, clever and brave young man, even though he walked with a slight limp from the wounds he suffered when his real parents pierced his feet. One day, while playing with his adolescent friends, he got into an argument with them. They insisted, as mean children sometimes do, that he was a fake son, and not the real child of Polibus and Merope. When Oedipus confronted his â€Å"parents† about this, they denied that he was adopted and swore that he was their legitimate child. They told Oed ipus to forget what the mean kids had said, but now he was intrigued. To discover the truth for himself, Oedipus journeyed to Delphi and asked of the oracle, â€Å"Who am I?† The oracle, cryptic as always, replied: â€Å"You are the man who will kill his father and breed children by his mother.† Confused and devastated, the young man started to head back home. Nearing the crossroad, Oedipus decided never to return to Corinth and go to Thebes instead. He dearly loved his parents and thought that by never returning home he would keep them safe and thus overcome his Fate according to Apollo’s oracle. As he was approaching the crossroad between Delphi, Thebes and Corinth, distraught and deep in thought, Oedipus came upon an old man in a chariot, escorted by a few attendants. It was a narrow passage between two rocks and hard to navigate safely. The crabby old man in the chariot shouted: â€Å"Get lost! Go away! Get off this road!†, striking Oedipus with his long scepter. Adding further injury, the rude, regal old man ran over the young man’s sore foot with his chariot wheel. Oedipus angrily grabbed the staff from his tormentor’s hands and hit him on the head, killing the old man. The same fate befell the attendants, who tried to attack and arrest Oedipus – he valiantly fought and killed them too, save for one servant, who ran away in panic when the battle broke out. Hey, he just wanted to cross the narrow passage, that’s all! Besides, Oedipus was simply defending himself, and he got there first! Little did Oedipus suspect that the old man he had just slain was his own father, and that the first part of the oracle’s prophecy had come true†¦

Summary of Case Laws Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Summary of Case Laws - Essay Example However, the court declared the products were subject to taxation since they had been sorted and arranged for sale. In this case, the Supreme Court abandoned a century of precedents by declaring that the import and export clause does not hinder a state from imposing a nondiscriminatory ad valorem property tax on imported goods. The court further clarified that the provision, which bared the state from imposing duties or levies on imports or exports never, intended to prohibit such levies. The Supreme Court quotes case laws involving Low versus Austin and states that the cases were wrongly decided. The courts therefore obviated examinations of the principal issues that the parties had briefed. From the above case law, we can learn that, since proscription of unbiased ad valorem property taxation could not advance the aims and objectives of the import and export clause, it is only the strongest constitutional order should lead to a disapproval of such taxation, and the Clause's terminology and the clauses, imports or duties were ambiguous. This is because they did not warrant a presumption, which was intended to embrace taxation. The court therefore increased restrictions to the state requiring the state to avoid biasness by making restrictions on some business for tax that they should remit to the government. Another similar court case involved Complete Auto Transit versus Brady in 1977. Complete Auto Transit was a Michigan based corporation that conducted its main businesses from Mississippi. The company dealt with importing cars and distributing them into the state of Mississippi. In this case, the court in Mississippi imposed tax on transportation companies for doing business in the state. The new imposed taxes would then be distributed equally to other businesses, which dealt with intra-and inter-state commerce. In a unanimous decision by the court, it found out the taxation imposed to be invalid. The court argued that business dealing with interstate commerce should assume an equal and just way of sharing the state burden. Similar to the first case law, the court ruling in this case increased restrictions to the state requiring the state to avoid biasness by making restrictions on some business for tax that they should remit to the government. Moreover, the court’s decision es tablished four main criteria to be used in order to determine whether the state tax is valid or not. Moreover, the four established criteria’s would enable the people as well as the state to recognize unreasonable state tax burden on interstate trade. The four main criteria given concerning this case notes that, the state tax burden must be an activity that connects people to the state. Moreover, the state tax law must be fairly distributed to be based on intrastate commerce. Besides, the state tax law must be nondiscriminatory among the business community of Mississippi. Lastly, the court established that state tax law must relate to the states services provided. However, these criteria’s are only applicable if the congress has not formed other criteria is which would conflict with the regulations. A new but similar court case involved Quill Corporation versus the State of North Dakota in 1922. In this case, the State of North Dakota had imposed a use tax on those pro perties, which were purchased for storage, use,

LEGAL ASPECTS OF NURSING Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

LEGAL ASPECTS OF NURSING - Case Study Example 2. The nurses are negligent for delaying their medication documentation for such a long period of time as the next day. The fact that a medication is not documented endangers the patient of receiving too little or too much of the medications on subsequent shifts when other nurse have no way of knowing that there are missing entries in the records. 3. When the root of the problem or cause of the situation is evaluated the ethical principles which must be considered are patient safety first and foremost. Standards of practice should also be evaluated and the facility policy on medication should be evaluated to ensure that it is clear in all areas of medication administration. 4. If the case was heard in court the charges would likely be malpractice and negligence. Negligence and or malpractice can be defined as ‘the doing of something a reasonably prudent person would not do,’ it must be shown that the standard of care what deviated and that there were damages or injuries because of the negligence or malpractice (Understanding Negligence, 2012). The possibility of something dangerous or injurious to a patient due to medication errors such as those described is very strong and often nurses are taken to court for the same errors which end up causing injury to a plaintiff. Because there were no injuries reported or complaints from patients described it is less likely that the case would require court charges against the nurse. 1. The primary defendant in this case would be the original nurse suspected; however after the testimony and other nurse’s acknowledging their own wrongdoing and medication errors they should be suspended and held liable as well. The plaintiff could be the facility if they chose to bring charges against the nurse which is unlikely as this was cause negativity towards the facility. Most likely if charges were brought against the nurse they would stem from a patient incident. 2. The court would probably rule in

Analyze the companys cost structure (e.g., variable vs. fixed costs, Essay

Analyze the companys cost structure (e.g., variable vs. fixed costs, manufacturing vs. non-manufacturing costs, direct vs. indirect costs, job costing or process costing, etc) for starbucks - Essay Example When allocating the rent of the Starbuck store rent it is advisable to divide the rent by the number of coffee bags sold (Maryanne, 109). Manufacturing and non manufacturing costs: Manufacturing costs are indirect factory related costs that are incurred during the manufacturing process. The cost of manufacturing overhead cost must be assigned to each unit produced so that inventory and cost of goods sold can be valued. For the case of Starbuck Company non manufacturing costs include direct material and direct labor. Again the non manufacturing costs represent manufacturer’s expenses that occur apart from the manufacturing function. These expenses are not product cost and are reported in a financial statement as expenses incurred. They include interest on business loan, marketing and advertising costs, taxes and salaries of the staffs (Maryanne, 110). Job costing and process costing: Job costing is a way of determining the cost to a company for each unit of item. This is done by taking each job as independent and how much each job cost to produce a number of units. This allows manager and executives to calculate the amount of profits made from each job. The Starbuck Company for each type of drink it delivers a certain price. This is an effective way of controlling the price of a product. Process costing is a process in which the company come up with long term statistics to know how the price keep on changing over time (Maryanne, 112). It also simplify record keeping hence allowing the company to when changes need to be made. Direct and Indirect Costs: Material, labor and other expenses which are directly or easily traceable to a product, service or job are known as direct costs. In the production of coffee, materials are purchased, wages are paid to workers and certain other expenses are incurred directly (Wiley & Sons, 34). All these take an active and direct part in the manufacture of a product and are, therefore, called direct

Summery Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Summery - Assignment Example As identified, external communication is concerned with dispersing information about the company to the rest of the stakeholders (Anderson, 2015). Frequently used forms of external communication include; newsletters, press releases, direct mails and financial records. Public relation forms the baseline of a company’s successful interaction with the immediate environment. Communication only configures and modifies the corporation’s outlook to the community, customers, and possible investors. External communication synergizes public relation, strengthening the company and its relations. Both technology and external communication go hand in hand in influencing commercial activities (Evans, 2010). Modern technology has altered the look of external communication, as the internet has become the means of communication. Technology has both positive and negative effects on communication. External communication faces a challenge of tainting the image of an organization. Those in charge of external communication must bear in mind their audience and companies outlook. Street, C. T., & Cameron, A. F. (2007). External relationships and the small business: A review of small business alliance and network research. Journal of Small Business Management.